Observational associations describe patterns in study populations—they do not guarantee the same result for any one person.
Research question
How does self-reported jogging dose and pace relate to the outcomes measured in this study?
Participants
1,098 healthy joggers and 3,950 healthy non-joggers in the Copenhagen City Heart Study
Follow-up
See primary publication for follow-up duration.
Findings
Light and moderate joggers had lower mortality than sedentary non-joggers in adjusted analyses; strenuous joggers did not differ significantly from sedentary non-joggers in this observational sample (see paper for full subgroup results).
What this means for your lifestyle
Easy-paced running may suit many recreational runners, but intensity should match fitness, joints, and medical guidance. Observational data cannot prove causation.
Limitations
Self-reported exercise; small strenuous-jogging subgroup; healthy participant bias.
Original research
Summary reviewed October 21, 2026
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